Wednesday, January 22, 2025

The Philadelphia Story

The Philadelphia Story
(George Cukor, 1940) "The prettiest sight in this fine pretty world is the privileged class enjoying its privileges
."
 
So says Macauley "Mike" Connor (James Stewart), cynical reporter with romantic notions about nobody but himself, as he and photographer "Liz" Imbrie (Ruth Hussey) are given the enviable task of reporting on the biggest marriage event of the season—or should we say "re-marriage season"—the Lord-Kittridge affair, she of the Philadelphia Lords, Tracy Samantha Lord (Katharine Hepburn), to be precise—formerly married to one C.K. Dexter Haven (Cary Grant), an upper class yacht designer—and for her second go-'round, she is marrying George Kittridge (John Howard), a "man of the people" who raised himself from the lower classes to achieve parity (without the legacy or provenance, mind you) of the Main Line of Philadelphia. Newsies Mike and Liz are given permission to "witness" the impending nuptials for a gossip rag (under the subterfuge that they're "distant relatives"), as an arrangement that said tabloid won't be publishing lurid stories about Tracy's father (John Halliday) having an affair with a dancer (of all people). This tit-for-tat has been arranged by a former runner for the mag, that personage being one...C.K. Dexter Haven, the ex (if you'll recall) of the bride-that-was and is to-be. How gauche it all is. How lurid. How delightfully sordid.
The Lord's are trying to manage this hullabaloo without much ballyhoo, thus their agreeing to the limited press coverage. But, they're not going to make it easy for them, no sir. Tracy is determined—with the help of precocious sister Dinah (Virginia Weidler)—to put up a discouraging wall of "airs", acting all hoity-toity...which is just what reporter Connor expects them to be. Tracy sees through their subterfuge just as easily as photographer Liz sees though theirs—just as she also sees through Connor's contempt for them (he protests a bit too much). As a photog' she seems to "read" people better than Connor, which is why she's biding her time with her colleague. She's in love with him, not that he'd ever stop concentrating on himself and his deathless prose to notice.
C.K. is also inserting himself into the affair, much to the delight of the Lords and to the dismay of his ex, Tracy. Their marriage broke up a couple years previously because, as an alcoholic, he did not measure up to her high standards. Tracy is a bit judgey as a rule, and decisively so, which led to tossing Dexter out ("She's generous to a fault" he says, "except for other people's faults") as well as the ostracism of her father from the family (His opinion of her: "You have everything it takes to make a lovely woman except the one essential: an understanding heart. And without that, you might just as well be made of bronze." That one hurts).
Tracy is all too aware of the criticism ("
Oh, we're going to talk about me again, are we? Goody."), but she is absolutely sure of her paragoness—reflecting well on the parents as it may have begun, but it has rigored into an expectation that anyone in her orbit should be beholden to the same courtesy. Her stubbornness is so ram-rod straight that it has appeared to reach her spine, as evidenced by her switch-blade dives into pools or even—in the oft-replayed silent opening sequence—when she's face-palmed back into her own home after kicking out Grant's Dexter Haven. It's amazing that she can be so stiff while performing the herculean task of having one's head up their ass.
She may have grown up, but she's still her parents' child—not that that's their fault. She's just stuck in her dutiful child-role despite long having passed its maturity date. Now, even her parents are annoyed with it (by contrast, youngest daughter Dinah—played by the incomparable
Weidler—seems to have skipped her childhood to become Thelma Ritter) and wish that "the phase she's going through" was over.
But, it's unlikely, even on the eve of the second of her how-many-future-marriages. The first one didn't work out because from her lofty perch, the faults, owing to his drinking, were all on him. This second has a much-better-manufactured future husband so she glides in with confidence, secure that Kittridge is just as stalwart and inflexible as her own reflection of herself—she's found her spine-mate.
Tracy emerges from a drunken night into the light of a new day
—and reacts to it like a vampire.
But, after a night of pre-wedding jitters—no doubt brought on by her being unable to cope with the intricate machinations of "everything is going according to plan" while confronting the failures of others in her past (like Dexter Haven and her prodigal father, who both have the temerity to judge her ("I'm going crazy. I'm standing here solidly on my own two hands and going crazy!")—she ends up drunk and with the appearance of being in a compromising position and in the vulnerable position of seeing herself being judged rather than judging. 
And despite rapt descriptions of her as a "marvelous distant queen" or "the golden girl," this paragon of taste, breeding and virtue who could walk into any room and do so with style can never manage to do it with "grace"
, and when her weak night of drinking has her stumbling through what feels like a "perp walk" under scrutiny, she learns a little of what she's been dishing out...and doesn't like the taste of it. But, you can't have a hangover without some shame in the mix. And despite the bleery eyes, she starts to see things more clearly.
This was Hepburn's project—she'd been labeled "box-office poison" after films like Mary of Scotland and Bringing Up Baby and Holiday bombed (despite the last two eventually gaining reputations of being cinema classics for decades) and helped writer Philip Barry to create it and make it a hit on Broadway. Then, as she owned the rights to it, she personally took it to M-G-M and its head, Louis B. Mayer, to have it made with the director of her choosing (Cukor) and maybe with Spencer Tracy and Clark Gable as the leads. Mayer substituted Grant and Stewart who were more readily available and the deal was made. The movie was her first box-office hit in a couple years. But, there was a little bit of a price to pay for its success.
 
It was the first of Hepburn's movies where she had to have a serious  "comeuppance" moment. Oh, her Jo March in Little Women had to suffer loss and rejection before she achieved any path-way to true happiness, and in her breakout film-role in Stage Door she had to suffer another character-changing tragedy in order to make her "complete" and deserving of success, but here the knives are out for Hepburn's 
"tall poppy" to be "dead-headed" and reduced from imperious competence to crumbling vulnerability.

And that's apparently what audiences liked. Katherine Hepburn seemed to always have to be "taken down a peg" for the customers, even in her many movies with Spencer Tracy (their first pairing, Woman of the Year, had its ending changed and re-shot to end with a humiliating kitchen scene due to the negative remarks on preview cards by female audience members). She wasn't allowed to maintain her dignity, or achieve some sort of parity with her male co-star, but, to insure commercial success, she had to have her characters' weaknesses and failures made manifest and her dependence on male supremacy made apparent despite any evidence that was shown before that she could act independently from her own efforts. Katherine Hepburn, the actress, having already been shown the consequences of bad box-office reputation, conceded the point that emancipation wasn't "a thing" in the make-believe world of the movies and "played the game." Sometimes (like in Woman of the Year) it was grating and and embarrassing. In The Philadelphia Story (which, remember, she helped develop), it's a little easier to digest and becomes the crux of the movie.
It's not a bad lesson to learn, either. Everybody in the movie (unless they've been humbled in some way) is a little "judgey" and before things play out, minds are changed instead of made up and calcified into permanent prejudice. Everybody bends a little bit without the fear of snapping holding them back. Things become malleable, negotiable...why, it almost becomes the euphemism of "polite society". It's why the use of the term "yar" in the film is so apt. "Yar" (in sailboats or yachts) means "easily maneuverable" but it can also be
"agile, quick, nimble"—something C.K. Dexter Haven always aspires to. The mast must be sturdy and strong, sure, but it's the sail that gets you anywhere. You just have to bend with the wind.


Sunday, January 19, 2025

Don't Make a Scene: The Straight Story

The Story:
"I read the news today. Oh boy"

We lost David Lynch. I didn't like everything he did. But, the stuff I did like I liked...a lot. He WAS, truly, a visionary and no, nobody made movies like him. And there's one particular movie of his I LOVE. I love it a lot.


It's almost a punch-line. A David Lynch film. Released by Disney. Rated "G." Completely oxymoronic. But that was everything Lynch did, really. He could bore you to tears and then make your jaw drop and convince you you'd seen the work of a master-craftsman. Because he was in his way. Always his way. He saw and thought things nobody else did (which you'd think would be emblematic of any director, but it's not). He was also an experimenter. An innovator. A dreamer.

And The Straight Story was unmistakably a Lynch film. The pacing was his—off-kilter and lingering, but then, he'd slice-and-dice a dialogue scene so it didn't feel there was any editing at all. He made you notice "stuff". And he embraced the odd and the beautiful, sometimes in the same shot.

I'd been wanting to do this scene for awhile and it's always been in the back of my mind, but the time was never right. Now, given his passing, it's almost a cliche to post it and Lynch would have hated that. I also notice there's been an up-tick in the views of a previous scene from The Straight Story. What can I say? We mourn alike.
 
In that scene and this one Lynch ends it with a shot of the stars from the vantage point of the subject of the movie, farmer Alvin Straight. It's in the script, no big deal. It happens a couple times in The Straight Story...Lynch had used such a shot to end The Elephant Man.
 
Except, the stars move. We travel through them—drift, really (not some hyper-drive or warp-speed thing)—leisurely. The perspective of the viewer would be to have them stand still. But, Lynch takes you farther, artistically, contemplatively, discretely...and all-too inexplicably. There's something holy and transcendental about it, something you can't nail down, put your finger on, or even adequately speculate on...for fear of ruining the effect it has on you.
 
Is it looking to God? Is it seeking a higher power? Is it a Universal Bond expressed by the stars, eternal? Is it ending the way Rod Serling used to end every "Twilight Zone" episode...with a crane up to the stars, those eternal watchers, non-committal, with no easy answers?
 
I don't know. I don't care. But, it's beautiful. And it speaks to me deep in my alligator brain, that place Lynch the director loved to tickle.
 
We're gonna miss that.
 
The Set-up: 73 year old Alvin Straight (Richard Farnsworth) has driven 240 miles—from Laurens, Iowa to Blue River, Wisconsin—to visit his estranged, but ailing bother, Lyle (Harry Dean Stanton). Because of Alvin's own health issues—bad eyesight from diabetes, emphysema—he does not have a driver's license, So he's ridden his 1966 John Deere tractor (with a trailer for camping gear) to get there. It has taken six weeks. And his long journey is at an end. He's just pulled into his brothers driveway at his address, unsure of what he'll find.
 
Action.
 
208 EXT.--MAGIC HOUR LYLE'S FRONT YARD 
Alvin dismounts...
...and slowly walks toward the front door of the house. 
He stops in the yard and calls out. 
ALVIN
Lyle!
Getting no response he calls again, softer.
ALVIN
Lyle.

CUT TO: 209 EXT.--MAGIC HOUR LYLE'S HOUSE 
Close on the screen door. 
A pause...then we hear Lyle's voice from inside. 
LYLE
Is that you Alvin? 
We hear a rhythmic bumping noise from inside. 
CUT TO: 210 EXT.--MAGIC HOUR LYLE'S YARD 
Alvin starts moving toward the front porch. 
Lyle comes out the front door using a walker. 
It makes the bumping noise. 
As Alvin climbs the few steps 

he and Lyle stand very close...
and take a good look at each other
...at the old men they have become. 
LYLE
Sit yourself down Alvin. 
They move slowly to the two chairs set up on the porch. 
They are situated about five feet apart on either side of the screen door. 
Lyle is on the right and Alvin on the left. 
CUT TO: Lyle looking out at the lawnmower and trailer in the yard. 
LYLE
(cont'd) Did you ride that thing all the way here to see me? 
CUT TO: Alvin nodding his head. 
ALVIN
I did Lyle. 
We stay on Alvin's face for a while. 
CUT TO: Close shot of Lyle. He is crying. 
CUT TO: Alvin...tears are running down his cheeks. 
He turns with a crying smile to Lyle. 
PAN UP TO: 211 EXT.--NIGHT SKY 
A sky full of stars. 
Music plays. 
The End
 
The Straight Story

Words by John Roach and Mary Sweeney

Pictures by Freddie Francis and David Lynch

The Straight Story is available on DVD from Walt Disney Home Video.
 

Martin Scorsese:
 
Amen.